Guía completa de tipos de pernos y sus aplicaciones. Aprenda sobre pernos hexagonales, pernos de coche, pernos de ojo, pernos en U y pernos especializados.
Hex Bolts: The Most Common Bolt Type
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Carriage Bolts: Round Head Design
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Eye Bolts: Lifting and Rigging Applications
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U-Bolts: Pipe and Tube Clamping
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Frequently Asked Questions
See frequently asked questions below.
What are the most common bolt types used in construction?
Hex bolts (hex head bolts) are the most common, accounting for 60% of construction fastener use. They provide high clamping force and are easy to install with standard wrenches. Carriage bolts are used in wood and timber construction where a smooth finished appearance is needed.
What's the difference between Grade 8.8 and Grade 10.9 bolts?
Grade 8.8 bolts have minimum tensile strength of 800 MPa, suitable for most construction applications. Grade 10.9 bolts have 1000 MPa tensile strength and are used for high-stress applications like bridge construction and heavy machinery. Always consult structural engineer specifications for your application.
When should I use stainless steel bolts instead of carbon steel?
Use stainless steel (A2/A4 or 304/316) in coastal environments, chemical plants, food processing facilities, and applications where corrosion resistance is critical. Stainless steel costs 3-5x more than carbon steel but provides superior corrosion resistance. For inland construction in dry environments, hot-dip galvanized carbon steel bolts are typically sufficient.
What bolt length do I need for my application?
General rule: bolt length should be 2-3x the diameter for proper engagement. For a M20 bolt, minimum embedment depth is 40-60mm. Always follow the manufacturer's specifications for your specific connection design.
Can bolts be reused after removal?
Bolts should typically not be reused in critical structural connections. Thread damage, bending, or coating wear during removal can significantly reduce bolt strength. For non-structural applications, inspect carefully and replace if any damage is visible.