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What Are Lag Screws and Why Use Them?
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Sizes and Specifications
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| Diameter | Length Range | Driver Size | Common Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1/4" (M6) | 1"-3" | 3/8" hex | Light timber frames |
| 5/16" (M8) | 1.5"-6" | 1/2" hex | Decking, light framing |
| 3/8" (M10) | 2"-8" | 9/16" hex | Structural timber frames |
| 1/2" (M12) | 3"-12" | 3/4" hex | Heavy structural connections |
| 5/8" (M16) | 4"-16" | 15/16" hex | Marine, heavy load applications |
| 3/4" (M20) | 6"-16" | 1-1/8" hex | Bridge timber, special structures |
Materials and Coatings
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| Material/Coating | Corrosion Resistance | Cost | Best Environment |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hot-dip galvanized | High | $$ | Outdoor, treated timber |
| Stainless steel 316 | Maximum | $$$$ | Coastal marine |
| Stainless steel 304 | High | $$$ | Inland outdoor |
| Plain steel | Low | $ | Indoor dry only |
| Zinc electroplated | Moderate | $ | Indoor/protected outdoor |
Proper Installation Technique
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Withdrawal and Shear Load Capacity
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| Screw Size | Min Penetration | Withdrawal (kg) | Shear (kg) |
|---|---|---|---|
| M8×50mm | 35mm | 200-250 | 300-400 |
| M10×75mm | 50mm | 400-500 | 600-800 |
| M12×100mm | 65mm | 600-800 | 900-1200 |
| M16×125mm | 80mm | 900-1200 | 1400-1800 |
African Construction Applications
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Frequently Asked Questions
See frequently asked questions below.
What's the difference between a lag screw and a structural wood screw?
Lag screws have a tapered shank and coarse thread designed for wood, with a hex head requiring a wrench. Structural wood screws (like GRK, SPAX) are newer designs with reamer threads and no pre-drilling required, but are more expensive. For heavy timber connections, lag screws remain the most cost-effective choice.
Can I use lag screws instead of bolts for timber connections?
Yes, for many applications lag screws are a valid alternative to through-bolts. They provide comparable load capacity without requiring access to both sides of the connection. However, for critical structural connections requiring inspection or where the joint may be disassembled, traditional through-bolts with plates are still preferred.
Why do lag screws break during installation?
The most common cause is incorrect pilot hole sizing — too small causes high torque and snapping; too large prevents thread engagement. Always pre-drill with the correct bit size for shank and threaded portions. Also ensure the screw is perpendicular to the wood surface; angled installation creates bending stress.
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